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1.于濱，美國文博大學(xué)(Wittenberg University)政治系教授，上海美國學(xué)會(huì)資深研究員，2013－14年任美國陸軍戰(zhàn)爭學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略研究所訪問學(xué)者。

2.朝戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，為了牽制中國在朝的軍事行動(dòng)，美國也開始積極鼓動(dòng)西藏上層的“獨(dú)立”活動(dòng)，策動(dòng)達(dá)賴外逃。為此，美國駐印度大使館在1951年還制定了把達(dá)賴“綁架”到印度的計(jì)劃。見Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison, CIA’ Secret War in Tibet (University Press of Kansas, 2002), pp. 11-17。

3.見筆者2005年二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束60周年發(fā)表于英文《亞洲時(shí)報(bào)》的《紀(jì)念日之挽歌》)，Yu Bin, “The Anniversary Elegy,” Asia Times, August 16, 2005, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/GH16Ad07.html.

4.參見Joseph C. Goulden, Korea: The Untold Story of the War (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982), p. XV。此書1990年由解放軍出版社翻譯出版：《朝鮮：未透露的戰(zhàn)爭》（于濱、談鋒、蔣偉民譯），修訂版即將將由新華出版社出版。

美國軍事史學(xué)家S.L.A.馬歇爾認(rèn)為朝戰(zhàn)是“本世紀(jì)糟糕透頂?shù)男?zhàn)爭”(The century’s nastiest little war)。 見David Halberstam, The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (Hyperion, 2007), p. 1.

5.近期著述參見Blair: The Clay Forgotten War: America in Korea 1950-1953 (Naval Institute Press, 2003); James Wheaton, The Forgotten War: A Brief History of the Korean War (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012); Joseph C. Goulden, Korea: The Untold Story of the War (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982).

6.David Halberstam, The Best and Brightest (Ballantine Books, 1972).

7.David Halberstam, The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (Hyperion, 2007). 此書于2010年由重慶出版社翻譯出版 （王祖寧、劉寅龍譯）。

8.見David Halberstam, The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (Hyperion, 2007) 精裝本的封套。

9.見Allan Millett, “Remembering the Forgotten War: Anglo-American Scholarship on the Korean Conflict,” TRANSACTIONS of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, Vol. 70, 1995, pp. 53-70.

10.奧巴馬原話為：“This was no tie. This was a victory. It was a victory then, and it is a victory today”。見Peter Maer, “Obama Calls Korean War a ‘Victory,’ Hails Veterans,” CBS News, November 10, 2010, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20022466-503544.html。

11.Walter LaFeber, America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945-2006, updated 10th ed. (McGraw-Hill, 2008), p. ix.

12.見Matt Spetalnick and Anna Yukhananov, “Analysis: North Korea tests Obama's ‘strategic patience’,” Reuters, April 9, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/09/us-korea-north-obama-idUSBRE9380YR20130409。

13.2009年2月初，新任國務(wù)卿希拉里在給日本外相中曾根弘文的電話中，聲稱她將“重視綁架問題，理解日本人民的心情。”希拉里的外交表態(tài)，拋棄了布什政府2006年以來擱置綁架問題、直接與朝鮮對(duì)話的政策。而布什的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義政策，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)被所謂“綁架問題”綁架了的日本輿論和對(duì)朝政策造成強(qiáng)力沖擊，也是2007年第六論會(huì)談取得突破的關(guān)鍵。奧巴馬就任后，日本國內(nèi)被壓抑多年的務(wù)實(shí)派，也祈盼奧巴馬政府能夠?qū)θ毡颈Ｊ嘏衫^續(xù)施以外部壓力，以期改變?nèi)毡颈Ｊ嘏蓪?duì)綁架問題不依不饒、使朝鮮“威脅”常態(tài)化的企圖。而希拉里的表態(tài)，對(duì)日本的鷹派無疑是雪中送炭，日本對(duì)朝政策因此更趨強(qiáng)硬。見Ayako Doi, “What Hillary Should Tell Japan,” PacNet Newsletter, No. 8, February 4, 2009, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/pac0908.pdf。

14.有關(guān)西方學(xué)界對(duì)朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭研究的評(píng)介，參見Allan R. Millett, Bibliographic Essay, in Millett, The War for Korea, 1950-1951: They Came from the North (University Press of Kansas, 2010), pp. 577-610; “The Korean War: A 50-year Critical Historiography,” Journal of Strategic Studies 24:1 (2001): pp. 188-224; “Review Essay: a Reader’s Guide to the Korean War,” The Journal of Military History 61 (July 1997), pp. 583-97; Rosemary Food, “Making Know the Unknown War: Policy Analysis of the Korean Conflict in the Last Decade,” Diplomatic History, 15 (Summer, 1991), pp. 411-431; William Stueck, “The Korean War as International History,” Diplomatic History 10 (Fall, 1986), 291-309; Judith Munro-Leighton, “A Postrevisionist Scrutiny of America’s Role in the Cold War in Asia, 1945-1950,”  Journal of American-East Asian Relations 1 (Spring, 1992), pp. 73-98.

15.見Allan R. Millett, The War for Korea, 1950-1951 (2010), p. 608。

16.Yu Bin, “Chinese People’s Volunteers—Tactics, Equipment and Logistics,” in James Matray and Donald Boose Jr., eds., Ashgate Research Companion to the Korean War (UK.: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., forthcoming 2014).

17.Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, Volume I: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes, 1945-1947 (Princeton University Press, 1981).

18.Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, Volume II: The Roaring of the Cataract, 1947-1950 (Princeton University Press, 1990).

19.Jon Halliday and Bruce Cumings, The Unknown War: Korea (New York: Pantheon, 1988).

20.John Merrill, Korea: The Peninsular Origins of the War (University of Delaware Press, 1989).

21.I. F. Stone, The Hidden History of the Korean War, 1950-1951 (Boston: Little Brown, 1952). 此書1989年由浙江人民出版社翻譯出版。

22.T.R. Fehrenbach, This Kind of War: A Study of Unpreparedness (New York: Macmillan, 1963).

23.Bevan Alexander, Korea: The First War We Lost (New York: Hippocrene, 1986). 此書由中國社會(huì)科學(xué)出版社2003年翻譯出版。

24.Allan Millett, “Remembering the Forgotten War: Anglo-American Scholarship on the Korean Conflict,” TRANSACTIONS of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, Vol. 70, 1995, pp. 55-59.

25.Gregory Henderson, Korea: The Politics of the Vortex (Harvard University Press, 1968).

26.Alexander George, The Chinese Communist Army in Action: The Korean War and Its Aftermath (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967).

27.Roy E. Appleman, Disaster in Korea: The Chinese Confront MacArthur (College Station: Taxes A&M University Press, 1989).

28.Clay Blair, The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950-1953 (New York: Times Books, 1987).

29.Max Hastings, The Korean War (Simon & Schuster, 1987).

30.Allan Millett, The War for Korea, 1950-1951, They Came From the North (University Press of Kansas, 2010). 此書正在被國內(nèi)一家出版社翻譯，該書的第二卷也將在年內(nèi)問世。

31.William Stueck, The Korean War: An International History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).

32.2004年10月7日， 哈伯斯塔姆在美國俄亥俄州哥倫布市采訪筆者，其中尤為關(guān)注中方對(duì)美軍、尤其是海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)能力的印象和評(píng)估。

33.有關(guān)美國軍方的史料，見Allan R. Millett, Their War for Korea: American, Asian, and European Combatants and Civilians, 1945-53 (Washington D.C.: Brassey’s Inc., 2002), 第263頁; “Review Essay: a Reader’s Guide to the Korean War,” The Journal of Military History 61 (July 1997)，尤其是590-92頁; “Remembering the Forgotten War: Anglo-American Scholarship on the Korean Conflict,” TRANSACTIONS of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, Vol. 70, 1995, 尤其是59-65頁。

34.Allen S. Whiting, China Crosses the Yalu: the Decision to Enter the Korean War (Stanford University Press, 1960).

35.見Bin Yu, Review of the field, “The Study of Chinese Foreign Policy: Problems and Prospect,” World Politics, 46, no. 2, (Princeton University, January 1994), 尤其是237–40頁。

36.Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War: The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation (Columbia University Press, 1994).

37.見沈志華：《毛澤東、斯大林與朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭》，廣東人民出版社2004年版，第343－51頁。

38.見沈志華， 同上， 第13、15頁。

39.同上， 第350頁。

40.鳳凰網(wǎng)專訪沈志華：“歷史研究的偉大就在于追求真相”，2010年06月23日鳳凰歷史專稿，http://news.ifeng.com/history/special/chubingdongji/detail_2010_06/23/1660093_6.shtml。

41.Shu Guang Zhang, Mao’s Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950-1953 (University Press of Kansas, 1995).

42.如9兵團(tuán)在東線的大規(guī)模凍傷，64軍、65軍5個(gè)師在第5次戰(zhàn)役中在漢江南岸在聯(lián)軍連續(xù)兩天的密集空炮火力攻擊中傷亡嚴(yán)重，志愿軍第180師突圍失敗，等等。見徐焰：《第一次較量——抗美援朝戰(zhàn)爭的歷史回顧與反思》，中國廣播電視出版社1990年版，第60－61、86－88、91－97頁。

43.Kristen R. Monroe, ed., Perestroika! The Raucous Rebellion in Political Science (New York: Vail-Ballou Press, 2005); Emily Eakin, “Political Scientists Are in a Revolution Instead of Watching,” New York Times, November 4, 2000.

44.Michael Hunt, Ideology and American Foreign Policy (Yale University Press, 1987).

45.科恩本人在一次學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議上突然脫口放出此言，包括筆者在內(nèi)的很多與會(huì)者為之震動(dòng)。

46.Warren Cohen, “China’s Strategic Culture,” The Atlantic Monthly, March 1997, pp. 103-5.

47.關(guān)于主流派的這一傾向，見艾倫·梅萊(Allan R. Millett)的 “Review Essay: A Reader’s Guide to the Korean War,” The Journal of Military History 61 (July 1997), pp. 583-97，尤其是第583－84頁。

48.見孟照輝：《抗美援朝戰(zhàn)爭志愿軍傷亡人數(shù)辨析——與“尊重每一個(gè)生命”作者商榷》，《軍事歷史》，2012年第2期， 59－61頁。

49.Steven Hugh Lee, The Korean War (UK: Pearson Education Limited, 2001).

50.Bruce Cumings,The Korean War: A History (Modern Library, 2011).

51.筆者1998年在美國《戰(zhàn)略評(píng)論》雜志上，也對(duì)志愿軍的一、二次戰(zhàn)役的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)加以比較和分析。見Yu Bin, “What China Learned from its ‘Forgotten War’ in Korea,” Strategic Review (summer 1998), pp. 4-16.

52.Korea Institute of Military History, The Korean War: Volume 1 (University of Nebraska Press, 2000); The Korean War: Volume 2 (University of Nebraska Press, 1998); The Korean War: Volume 3 (University of Nebraska Press, 2001).

53.有位美國學(xué)者曾暗示美方有上述兩書的“內(nèi)部版”，但這并未得到其他學(xué)者的認(rèn)可。

54.西方出版界只是非常有限地翻譯、介紹了一些有關(guān)中國參戰(zhàn)前后的高層決策的史料，如Steven Goldstein and Di He, “New Chinese Sources on the History of the Cold War,” Cold War International History Project Bulletin 1 (Spring 1992), pp. 4-6; Sergei Goncharov, John Lewis and Litai Xue, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War (Studies in International Security and Arms Control (Stanford University Press, 1995), Appendix, pp. 229-95.

55.Li, Xiaobing, Allan R. Millett and Bin Yu, trans. and eds., Mao’s Generals Remember Korea (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2001).

56.Allan R. Millett,“The Korean War: A 50-Year Critical Historiography,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1 (March 2001), pp. 188-224.

57.見沈志華，《毛澤東、斯大林與朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭》，廣東人民出版社2004年3月版，第173-193頁。